Registrant Terms and Conditions
- DEFINITIONS
- 1.1 The definitions and rules of interpretation in this condition apply
in the Conditions:
- "Account Details" means the details that You give to
Us when You create an account with Us.
- "Back Order" means a request made by You to Us for a
Domain Name which is not available for registration at the time You make such a
request, but which We will monitor and as soon as it becomes available for registration
We will attempt to register the Domain Name for You.
- "Chargeback" means a situation where We have initially
received payment from You, but that payment has been subsequently rejected by You
or Your credit or debit card issuer and the payment sums are returned to You.
- "Consumer" You are a consumer if You are an individual
not: (a) registering, using or planning to use the Requested Domain as part of a
business trade or profession; (b) purchasing a Domain Name during a "Sunrise"
or "Landrush" period as defined in the Domain Name Conditions for the
Domain Name Registry (c) at Our sole discretion, purchasing a Domain Name for financial
or commercial gain, including, without limitation, for the sole purpose of placing
advertisements on the Domain Name. You shall not be treated as a consumer under
the contract if You have purchased or are the registered holder of 10 or more Domain
Names.
- "Contract" means the contract between You and Us formed
by Your acceptance of the Conditions by ticking into the box next to the text "I
confirm that I have read and agree to the Terms and Conditions" and pressing
the "Continue" button during the process by which You create an account
with Us.
- "Control Panel" means any Control Panel provided by Us
that allows You to manage the Requested Domain.
- "Dispute Resolution Policy" means any relevant dispute
resolution policy including, but without limitation, the UDRP, the Nexus Dispute
Policy and Nominet's DRS.
- "Domain Name" means an Internet top level domain name
capable of registration through Us.
- "Domain Name System" means the domain name system which
translates numerical Internet protocol addresses into domain names.
- "Expiration Date" means the date set out in the WHOIS
search result for the expiration of the registration of the Requested Domain.
- "Initial Period" means the period of registration of
the Requested Domain from the date of registration to the first Expiration Date
of the Requested Domain.
- "Intellectual Property Rights" means all patents, copyright
and related rights, trademarks, service marks, moral rights, rights in confidential
information and any other intellectual property rights in each case whether registered
or unregistered and including all applications for and renewals or extensions of
such rights and all similar or equivalent rights or forms of protection in any part
of the world.
- "Name Servers" means computers that provide specific
translation information in the Domain Name System.
- "Privacy Policy" means the privacy policy that can be
found at:
Privacy Policy.
- "Registry" means the organisation which operates the
zone file converting Domain Names to Internet protocol addresses for a top level
Domain Name.
- "Renewal" means the renewal of the Requested Domain in
Your name with the Registry for the period specified.
- "Requested Domain" means the Domain Name You ask Us to
register.
- "Sales Tax" means a consumption tax charged at the point
of purchase for goods and services.
- "Services" means the services set out in clause 2.1 as
amended from time to time.
- "Whois" means a domain name search tool for an Internet
top level domain name registry database.
- "You" or "Your" means the
person who is entering into this Contract with Us and who the Requested Domain will
be registered for.
- 1.2.Headings in these conditions shall not affect their interpretation.
- 1.3.A person includes a natural person, corporate or unincorporated
body (whether or not having separate legal personality).
- 1.4.Words in the singular include the plural and in the plural include
the singular.
- 1.5.A reference to a statute or statutory provision is a reference
to it as it is in force for the time being, taking account of any amendment, extension,
or re-enactment and includes any subordinate legislation for the time being in force
made under it.
- 1.6.Any obligation in the Contract on a person not to do something
includes, without limitation, an obligation not to agree, allow, permit or acquiesce
in that thing being done.
- PROVISION OF SERVICES
- 2.1. We will provide to You the following Services in accordance with
the Conditions:
- 2.2. The Services shall include (but shall not be limited to):
- 2.2.1. registering the Requested Domain;
- 2.2.2. processing the Renewal;
- 2.2.3. managing the information maintained in the Whois in relation
to the Requested Domain;
- 2.2.4. providing the Privacy Service (where applicable); and
- 2.2.5. providing relevant software, hardware and infrastructure maintenance
and upgrades at Our sole discretion and without a requirement on Us to give notice
to You of such maintenance or upgrades.
- 2.3. Without prejudice to Our other rights and remedies, We may at
Our sole discretion suspend the provision of the whole or any part of the Services
(temporarily or permanently) and will have no liability to provide the Services
on the occurrence of any of the following events:
- 2.3.1. an event of Force Majeure as set out in clause 11.3;
- 2.3.2. upgrade or maintenance of Our or the Requested Domain Registry's
IT systems, but We will restore the provision of the affected Services as soon as
reasonably practicable following the suspension;
- 2.3.3. the issue by any court of competent jurisdiction or other competent
authority (including, but without limitation, a person appointed under a Dispute
Resolution Policy for the determination of a dispute) of an order which is binding
on Us which has the effect of suspending Our Services; or
- 3.3.4. if You fail to pay any Fees or any other sums owing by You to
Us when they fall due.
- 2.4. To the fullest extent permitted by law and save as provided elsewhere
in the Conditions, the Services are provided by Us on an "as is" and "as available"
basis and no warranty or representation (express or implied) of any kind is given
that the Services will be provided on an uninterrupted, timely, secure or error-free
basis.
- NATURE OF DOMAIN NAMES, RENEWAL AND REDEMPTION
- 3.1. You acknowledge that You will not rely on the registration or
continued registration of the Requested Domain until confirmation of completion
of registration of the Requested Domain is notified to You.
- 3.2. Subject to clause 3.3 We may automatically renew the Requested
Domain on or before the Expiration Date and We will charge You a Renewal Fee (which
shall be non-refundable) for such renewal.
- 3.3. We will notify You in advance if we intend to renew the Requested
Domain, to the email address provided by You to Us with Your Account Details, that
the Requested Domain is approaching its Expiration Date and when it will be automatically
renewed by Us. You must notify Us if You do not wish to renew the Requested Domain.
- 3.4. If the Requested Domain passes its Expiration Date and has not
been renewed You acknowledge that at Our discretion We may:
- 3.4.1. renew the Requested Domain on Your behalf; and
- 3.4.2. change the Requested Domain's Name Servers to Our Name Servers,
and display advertising on the Requested Domain and collect and retain any revenue
generated from such advertising.
- 3.5. If We decide to renew the Requested Domain after the Expiration
Date You have the right for a period of 16 days after the Expiration Date to pay
Us the Renewal Fee. On receipt of the Renewal Fee by Us within the 16 day period,
You will retain ownership of the Requested Domain and as soon as reasonably practicable
We shall restore the Requested Domain.
- 3.6. If We do not receive the Renewal Fee within the 16 day period
stipulated at clause 3.5 We shall have the right:
- 3.6.1. in Our sole discretion to terminate the Contract and change
ownership of the Requested Domain; and/or
- 3.6.2. to place the Requested Domain on hold and mark it for deletion
at Our sole discretion. You will then have the right for a period of time (which
will end between 65 and 74 days after the Expiration Date, (when the Requested Domain
is placed on hold and marked for deletion) the "Notified Period") to redeem
the Requested Domain. Upon payment of an administration fee within the Notified
Period, You will retain ownership of the Requested Domain and as soon as reasonably
practicable We shall restore the Requested Domain.
- 3.7. You acknowledge and agree that all Requested Domains stored on
Our Name Servers may be subject to advertisements provided specifically to Us for
this purpose by Google or other third parties specifically approved by Us and that
We may collect and retain any revenue generated from such advertising.
- 3.8. You acknowledge and agree that You will not bring or pursue any
claim against Google or any other third party approved by Us who places advertisements
on your Requested Domain arising from the placement by them of any advertising on
the Requested Domain.
- 3.9. You acknowledge and agree that You retain no legal or equitable
ownership of or interest in any Intellectual Property Rights subsisting in any advertising
placed on the Requested Domain by Google or any other third party approved by Us.
- YOUR OBLIGATIONS
- 4.1. You shall:
- 4.1.1. comply at all times with any terms and conditions, rules and
regulations or similar which govern the use or registration of the Requested Domain
Name whether issued by a Registry or otherwise;
- 4.1.2. notify Us immediately if You know or have reason to suspect
that there has been any unauthorised use of the Services;
- 4.1.3. notify Us immediately if You know or have reason to suspect
that there is or may be any court proceedings or other proceedings (including but
without limitation any complaint, proceedings or similar under any Dispute Resolution
Policy) which involve the Requested Domain;
- 4.1.4. ensure that We have Your correct name, postal address, phone,
fax and email information and credit and/or debit card details at all times;
- 4.1.5. provide identification, documentary evidence and information
that We reasonably require in order to be able to carry out the Services and You
agree that We may keep copies of any identification and documentary evidence on
Our files for the purposes of providing and maintaining the Services;
- 4.1.6. notify Us of the authorised representatives whose instructions
We may accept on Your behalf;
- 4.1.7. not use or suffer the Services to be used for any unlawful purpose
or for the publication of, linking to, issue or display of, any unlawful material
including any software which is pirated or which breaches any Intellectual Property
Rights or any material which is obscene, pornographic, threatening, malicious, harmful,
abusive, defamatory or which breaches the rights including Intellectual Property
Rights of any third party or which is or encourages criminal acts or contains any
virus, worm, trojan horse or other harmful code whether under English law or regulations,
the laws or regulations of Your country or of any other location where the results
of such purpose or the material in question can be accessed;
- 4.1.8. not use or suffer the Services to be allowed to be used in breach
of generally accepted standards and codes of practice for the use of the Internet,
including but not limited to the sending of unsolicited e-mails, "mail bombing"
or the impersonation of another person whether living or dead; and
- 4.1.9. not use the services of any third party for the purposes, in
breach of generally accepted standards and codes of practice for the use of the
Internet, including but not limited to: the sending of unsolicited e-mails, "mail
bombing", the impersonation of another person whether living or dead, or the
publication of, linking to, issue or display of any material that refers to Us or
any of Our products or services without Our prior written consent.
- 4.2. You agree and acknowledge that:
- 4.2.1. We are under no obligation to register or continue to process
a registration for a Requested Domain;
- 4.2.2. We have made no representations or warranties to You as to the
availability of a Requested Domain;
- 4.2.3. the registration of the Requested Domain is subject to any registration
requirements of a specific Registry and You will comply with all of the terms and
conditions of that Registry;
- 4.2.4. We have the right to pass on any additional charges made by
a Registry in order to register, renew or maintain howsoever the Requested Domain;
- 4.2.5. We are not liable for the actions of any Registry which affect
the Requested Domain whether before, during or after the domain name registration
or renewal process; and
- 4.2.6. in the event of a Chargeback by Your credit card company or
other credit institution We shall have the immediate right at Our sole discretion
to take ownership of the Requested Domain and suspend provision of the Services.
Where We exercise Our right under this clause 4.2.6, the Services will be reinstated
and ownership of the Requested Domain put into Your name upon payment by You to
Us of Our Fees and a reinstatement fee.
- BACK ORDERS
- 5.1. By placing a Back Order You acknowledge and agree that:
- 5.1.1. We have made no representations or warranties to You that We
will be able to register Your Back Order requested Domain Name;
- 5.1.2. You will not hold Us liable in any way whatsoever if We are
unable to register Your Back Order requested Domain Name;
- 5.1.3. the Back Order Fees are applicable to You and subject to clause
10.5, will not be refunded if We are unable to register Your Back Order requested
Domain Name ; and
- 5.1.4. Your Back Order is only valid for the period which commences
from the date that Your Back Order request is accepted by Us and terminates on the
Expiration Date of Your Back Order requested Domain Name as set out in the Whois
search result at the date Your Back Order request is made.
- WARRANTIES
- 6.1. By entering into this Contract You warrant that:
- 6.1.1. all the identity, contact and credit and/or debit card information
supplied to Us by You in accordance with clause 4.1.4 is correct, current and complete;
- 6.1.2. all passwords or any other identifiers that You use in connection
with the Services will at all times be kept confidential, used properly and will
not be disclosed to any unauthorised person;
- 6.1.3. any activity carried out in connection with the Services which
requires the use of passwords or other identifiers will be carried out by You or
someone authorised to act on Your behalf;
- 6.1.4. You accept full liability for all actions done, charges incurred
and losses suffered by You for any activity carried out in connection with the Services
which requires the use of Your passwords or other identifiers, whether carried out
with Your authorisation or not;
- 6.1.5. You have all necessary permissions, licenses and consents to
use the Services and register the Requested Domain and that by registering the Requested
Domain and using the Services You will not infringe any Intellectual Property Rights
of any other person or entity;
- 6.1.6. You will obtain all necessary permissions, licenses and consents
that may be or are required from time to time to enable Us to provide You with Services;
- 6.1.7. You will not use the Services or allow them to be used for the
publication, web forwarding, linking to, issue of or display of any material which
in Our absolute discretion may harm Us, Our reputation or otherwise bring Us into
disrepute; and
- 6.1.8. You will comply fully with the Dispute Resolution Policy and
agree to any decision resulting therefrom.
- INDEMNITY
- 7.1. You will fully indemnify and keep Us and Our officers, partners,
employees and agents fully indemnified against all liabilities, costs, claims, expenses,
demands, damages, penalties and losses (including professional costs and expenses)
whether directly or indirectly suffered or incurred by Us arising out of or connected
with:
- 7.1.1. Your breach of the Contract; or
- 7.1.2. Your breach of any warranty given in clause 6; or
- 7.1.3. any use or misuse of the Services as a result of or attributable
to Your actions; or
- 7.1.4.
the Requested Domain.
- FEES AND PAYMENT
- 8.1. Any sums payable by You to Us under this Contract are exclusive
of VAT or any other Sales Tax and shall be made in the currency stated.
- 8.2. All sums payable to Us under this Contract shall be paid in full
without any deduction set-off or withholding other than as required by law. You
shall not be entitled to assert any credit, set-off or counterclaim against Us in
order to justify withholding payment of any such amount in whole or in part.
- 8.3. We are under no obligation to commence the Services, unless and
until We have received the required Fees and any other sums outstanding from You
to Us.
- 8.4. We may at Our discretion retain ownership of the Requested Domain
until all Fees and sums owed to Us by You have been received in full and cleared
funds.
- 8.5. Where You authorise the payment of any Fees by credit and/or debit
card, We may deduct other amounts becoming payable under this Contract under that
credit and/or debit card without obtaining additional or further authorisation from
You.
- 8.6. Where You have registered more than one credit and/or debit card
with Us, We will take the Fees in the order of preference You designate to them.
- 8.7. Subject to clause 10.5 We will not provide credit notes or refunds.
- 8.8. For the avoidance of doubt and subject to clause 10.5, once a
request for a Requested Domain has been placed, including any Renewals or Back Orders,
You do not have the right to cancel such request.
- LIABILITY
- 9.1. Nothing in this Contract excludes or limits Our liability for
death or personal injury caused by Our negligence or any damage or liability incurred
by You as a result of fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation by Us.
- 9.2. We will not be liable to You in contract, tort or otherwise, including
negligence for any direct or indirect immediate or consequential loss, damage, costs,
expenses or other claims arising out of or in connection with this Contract for:
- 9.2.1. loss of profit;
- 9.2.2. loss of business, contracts or revenue;
- 9.2.3. loss of expected savings or goodwill;
- 9.2.4. loss of registration or use, or both (for whatever reason) of
the Requested Domain.
- 9.3. Subject to clause 9.1 Our total liability to You, whether under
these Conditions or otherwise, including liability for negligence, shall be no more
than 5,000 GBP.
- 9.4. All conditions, warranties or other terms which might have effect
between You and Us or be implied or incorporated into this Contract whether by statute,
common law or otherwise are hereby excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law,
including without limitation any implied conditions or warranties.
- TERMINATION
- 10.1. We will provide the Services to You for the Initial Period and
will continue to provide them beyond the Initial Period, subject to termination
in accordance with this clause 10.
- 10.2. Following the Initial Period either party may terminate the Contract
by giving 30 days written notice to the other.
- 10.3. Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which We may
have, We may terminate the Contract without liability to You immediately on giving
notice to You if You fail to pay Us any sum due under the Contract on the due date
for payment and You remain in default not less than seven days after being notified
in writing to make such payment.
- 10.4. Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which the parties
may have, either party may terminate the Contract without liability to the other
immediately on giving notice to the other if:
- 10.4.1. the other party commits a material breach of any of the terms
of the Contract and (if such a breach is remediable) fails to remedy that breach
within 30 days of that party being notified in writing of the breach; or
- 10.4.2. the other party (being a company) is deemed unable to pay its
debts within the meaning of section 123 of the Insolvency Act 1986 or (being a natural
person) is deemed either unable to pay its debts or has no reasonable prospect of
so doing, in either case, within the meaning of section 268 of the Insolvency Act
1986; or
- 10.4.3. the other party has a receiver, manager, administrator or administrative
receiver appointed over its assets or income, has passed a resolution for its winding-up,
or has a petition presented to any court for its winding-up or an administration
order; or
- 10.4.4. the other party suspends or ceases, or threatens to suspend
or cease, to carry on all or a substantial part of its business.
- 10.5. Subject to clause 10.7, if You are a Consumer You have the right
to cancel the Contract by notice to Us in writing within 7 days and receive a full
refund at no additional cost from either; the date the Contract is formed, or the
date that You receive confirmation from Us that the Contract is formed, whichever
is the later.
- 10.6. For the purposes of clause 10.5, the date the Contract is formed
shall be the date on which You place a tick into the box next to the text "I
confirm that I have read and agree to the Terms and Conditions" and press the
"Continue" button thereby granting Your consent for the Services to commence.
- 10.7. You will no longer have the right to cancel the Contract set
out in clause 10.5 once We have commenced the Services with Your consent. For the
purposes of this clause Your consent will be deemed to be given upon You pressing
the "Place Order" button.
- 10.8. Due to the real time nature of domain name registrations, where
following termination We are unable to cancel any registration or Renewal of the
Requested Domain, We may make a minimum charge to You to cover costs incurred by
Us to the Registry for registering the Requested Domain.
- 10.9. On termination of the Contract for any reason You agree that:
- 10.9.1. We shall have the right at Our sole discretion to immediately
delete Your account with Us;
- 10.9.2. Your entitlement to use any of Our Services will immediately
cease;
- 10.9.3. unless You have transferred the Requested Domain to another
domain name registration service provider prior to termination:
- 10.9.3.1. any and all of Your accrued and future rights, including
rights in any accrued and future goodwill, in the Requested Domain shall immediately
cease; and
- 10.9.3.2. You shall have not have any title to or any licence to the
whole or any part of the Requested Domain and full ownership and title in the Requested
Domain shall immediately revert to Us.
- GENERAL
- 11.1. Confidential Information
- 11.1.1. Each party undertakes that it shall not at any time disclose
to any person any confidential information concerning the business, affairs, customers,
clients or suppliers of the other party, except as permitted by clause 11.1.2.
- 11.1.2. Each party may disclose the other party's confidential information:
- 11.1.2.1. to its employees, officers, representatives or advisers who
need to know such information for the purposes of carrying out the party's obligations
under this Contract. Each party shall ensure that its employees, officers, representatives
or advisers to whom it discloses the other party's confidential information comply
with this clause 11.1.2.1; and
- 11.1.2.2. as may be required by law, court order, Dispute Resolution
Policy or any governmental or regulatory authority.
- 11.1.3. No party shall use any other party's confidential information
for any purpose other than to perform its obligations under this Contract.
- 11.2. Intellectual Property
- 11.2.1. You acknowledge and agree that You will not own or acquire
ownership of any Intellectual Property Rights in or relating to the Requested Domain
or Services other than those rights expressly granted by this Contract.
- 11.3. Force Majeure
- 11.3.1. Neither party shall have any liability under or be deemed to
be in breach of this Contract for any delays or failures in performance of this
Contract which result from circumstances beyond the reasonable control of that party
(a "Force Majeure"). The party affected by such circumstances shall promptly
notify the other party in writing when such circumstances cause a delay or failure
in performance and of when they expect the circumstances to cease to do so. If such
circumstances continue for a continuous period of more than 90 days, either party
may terminate this Contract by written notice to the other party.
- 11.4. Data Protection
- 11.4.1. Any personal data that We obtain from You during the provision
of the Services will be held by Us in accordance with Our Privacy Policy.
- 11.4.2. Without prejudice to Clause 10.4.1 You acknowledge and agree:
- 11.4.2.1. that any personal data that You provide to Us for the purposes
of registering the Requested Domain will be provided to the Registry in order to
complete registration formalities;
- 11.4.2.2. that details of Your name, address and payment record may
be submitted to a credit reference agency for the purposes of checking your credit
worthiness; and
- 11.4.2.3. that subject to Clause 3.6 We may disclose Your personal
data to Google or any third party approved by Us to the extent required to generate
and place advertisements on the Requested Domain.
- 11.5. Amendments
- 11.5.1. We have the right to amend this Contract at any time by giving
You Notice (as defined below in clause 11.10). Any such Notice shall not take effect
for 28 days. After the 28 day notice period has elapsed any amendments specified
in the Notice shall take immediate effect.
- 11.5.2. You may request an amendment to this Contract by giving Us
Notice in accordance with clause 11.10.3.
- 11.5.3. We reserve the right not to agree or incorporate into these
terms and conditions any amendments that You may propose pursuant to clause 11.5.2.
- 11.6. Assignment
- 11.6.1. You may not, without Our prior written consent (such consent
not to be unreasonably withheld), assign, transfer, mortgage, charge, declare a
trust of or deal in any other manner with this Contract or any of the rights and
obligations under or arising out of this Contract (or any document referred to in
it), or purport to do any of the same. You may not subcontract or delegate in any
manner any or all of Your obligations under this Contract to any third party or
agent.
- 11.6.2. We may, at any time, assign (absolutely or by way of security
and in whole or in part), transfer, mortgage, charge or deal in any other manner
with the benefit of any or all of Our obligations or any benefit arising under or
out of this Contract.
- 11.7. Entire Agreement
- 11.7.1. This Contract contains the whole agreement between the parties
in respect of the subject matter of this Contract and supersedes and replaces any
prior written or oral agreements, representations or understandings between them
relating to such subject matter. The parties confirm that they have not entered
into this Contract on the basis of any representation that is not expressly incorporated
into this Contract.
- 11.8. Waiver
- 11.8.1. No failure or delay by Us in exercising any right, power or
privilege under this Contract shall impair the same or operate as a waiver of the
same nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege preclude
any further exercise of the same or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
The rights and remedies provided in this Contract are cumulative and not exclusive
of any rights and remedies provided by law.
- 11.9. Severance
- 11.9.1. If any provision of this Contract is prohibited by law or judged
by a court to be unlawful, void or unenforceable, the provision shall, to the extent
required, be severed from this Contract and rendered ineffective as far as possible
without modifying the remaining provisions of this Contract, and shall not in any
way affect any other circumstances of or the validity or enforcement of this Contract.
- 11.10. Notices
- 11.10.1. Any notice required to be given by Us under this Contract
or otherwise, shall be emailed to You at the email address as given to Us by You
in accordance with this Contract;
- 11.10.2. Any notice given in accordance with clause 11.10.1 shall be
deemed to have been duly received if sent by e-mail, when read;
whereafter any provisions contained in such notice shall be deemed to take effect
immediately save for the provisions of clause 11.5.1.
- 11.10.3. Any notice required to be given by You under this Contract,
shall be in writing, signed by a duly authorised representative and shall be sent
by pre-paid first-class post or recorded delivery or by commercial courier, to the
other party at its address as set out below:
- 11.10.3.1. FAO MANAGING DIRECTOR Webhome Limited, Wenlock Road 20 22,
London, N1 7GU, United Kingdom.
or as otherwise notified by Us in accordance with the provisions of this clause
11.10.
- 11.10.4. Any notice given in accordance with clause 11.10.3 shall be
deemed to have been duly received if sent by pre-paid first-class post or recorded
delivery, at on the two days after posting; or if delivered by commercial courier,
on the date and at the time that the courier's delivery receipt is signed.
- 11.11. Third parties
- 11.11.1. Save for those rights given to third parties in the Domain
Name Conditions, for the purposes of the Contracts (Rights of Third parties) Act
1999 and notwithstanding any other provision of this Contract is not intended to,
and does not, give any person who is not a party to it any right to enforce any
of its provisions.
- 11.12. Law and jurisdiction
- 11.12.1. Save as provided in the Domain Name Conditions, this Contract,
and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with it or its subject
matter, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of England
and Wales.
- 11.12.2. The parties irrevocably agree that the courts of England and
Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim that arises
out of, or in connection with, this Contract or its subject matter.